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How to Design for Natural ventilation

Design guidelines and rules of thumb to help you design the ideal natural ventilation solution

Geometry of space 

  • Good room height – at least 2.5 m and preferably 2.7 m or more
  • Single-sided ventilation – the room depth should not exceed 2.5 times the room height, and never more than 10 m.
  • Cross ventilation - the room depth should not exceed 5 times the room height.
  • Stack ventilation – the distance from the facade to the rooflights should not exceed 5 times the room height.

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Window opening 

  • Highly placed openings/windows in the facade - preferably 2 m or more above floor level. 
  • Bottom hung inward windows or top hung outward openings in the facade.
  • Window height, facade: Approximately 400-600 mm.
  • A window width of approximately 1.2-1.4 m is often optimal, since often you need two window actuators if the width exceeds 1.2-1.4 m (subject to window profile material and type, due to frame flex with single pull point).
  • Openings evenly distributed.
  • Bottom hung inward windows or top hung outward openings in the facade.

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Other natural ventilation guidelines

  • Implement a night cooling or purging strategy.
  • Preferably include thermal mass for optimum benefit of night cooling. Read more about night purge ventilation here.
  • Allow user control of ventilation via local keypad. 
  • Preference for cross ventilation, stack ventilation or hybrid ventilation in high occupancy spaces e.g. in classrooms.
  • Preferably a minimum 7m3 per person in e.g. classrooms.
  • Maximum air changes.  

       Winter: Approximately 2.5-3 h-1 (average during occupied hours).

       Summer: Workstations: 4-6 h-1 can easily be accepted.
       Atriums and similar transient spaces where people stay for shorter periods: 10–15 h-1 can         be accepted.    


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In cases where supplementary mechanical exhaust is used

  • In most cases the capacity of the exhaust should be at least the minimum required air change.
  • The exhaust should be controllable by variable speed.

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Kettering, Northants NN15 6XY

Phone: +44 1536 510990

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